Use of iodine preparation in rabbit breeding

The National University of Biological Resources and Nature Management of Ukraine, Kyiv, Orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9390-6578; Orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9370-8539, olga.yakubchak@gmail.com, inna-chornenka@ukr.net, The State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilia, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine, Orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-4533; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-2908, E-mail: ttaran@ukr.net, prosianyi2016@gmail.com, Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Ukraine, Orcid http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3590-0167 E-mail: 98969@i.ua Sumbitted: 13.01.2017. Accepted: 24.02.2018


Introduction
The territory of Ukraine is endemic area in terms of iodine, which indicates the need for daily additional consumption of iodine along with the foodstuff (Matasar et. al., 2014).The iodine deficit is one of the humankind's global problems, which practical implication on the medicine and agriculture is extremely high.It is well known that the most widely proliferated human diseases (Steinhauserova, Rehurkova, Ruprich, 2014) and animal disease (van Hoek et al., 2015, Kolle, Schmidt, 2015), are caused by iodine deficiency in the foodstuff and fodders, respectively.The major products applied for iodine deficiency prevention include salt (Sorokman, 2016) and water (Melnychenko et al., 2004), optimized in terms of iodine and another microelements content.Among the most widely offered iodine-treated potable waters are created using Iodis-Concentrate raw materials (Technical Specifications of Ukraine 15.9-30631018-007:2005), as developed by the professionals of Iodis Research and Development Company and YARK-Kyiv International Industrial Concern, as protected by the domestic and foreign patents.Iodis-Concentrate is a water complex of iodine compounds created based on artesian water saturated with polyatomic iodine ions, which shows high biological activity, being thermally-stable.Its is produced using ad-hoc technology employing the water properties in the filed of associates creation (Karpovskyi, Maksin, Kryvoruchko et. al., 2011).Many scientists have studied the option of using iodine water preparations earmarked for treatment and prevention of iodine deficiency in animals and insects, and reaching the other positive effects on organism (Ong et al., 2014;Amarpal et al., 2015;Siddiqui et all., 2017;Veshkiniall., 2011;Zhang et all., 2017).However, there exist no similar studies covering influence of such preparation on the parameters quality of the animal origin products, which may be a source of iodine.

Use of iodine preparation
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8(1), 2018 The thesis objective is to study influence of Iodis-Concentrate preparation on rabbit meat quality parameters.The aim was to find out the amino acid composition, the fatty-acid composition and mineral composition, as well as the iodine content in rabbit meat.

Мethods
There were two groups of two months old laboratory rabbits formed: the stud and control group (5 rabbits in each group).Daily clinical condition of rabbits, activity of eating food and drinking water were determined.The microclimate parameters were measured in the premise using the generally accepted methods.The rabbits of the control group were watered with the water taken from the well located in Obukhiv, Kyiv Oblast, while the rabbits of the study group were watered with the same water, although adding Iodis-Concentrate Preparation in the dosage of 0.35 mg/kg.The amino acids contents in the rabbit meat was measured using the ion exchanging chromatograph -amino acids analyzer AminoAcidAnalyzar (AAA−400), INGOS, Praha according to the DSTU ISO 13903:2009 and the DSTU ISO 13904:2008.For finding out biological activity of meat, А/Е index was measured illustrating ratio of indispensable amino acids content (А) to the aggregate sum, and the amino acids SCORE -which computation relied on measuring percentage of each of the indispensable amino acids in the food protein, to the extent of contents thereof in the protein treated as ideal one according to the data of the Food and Agricultural Organization / World Health Organization (Yakubchak et al., 2012).The fatty acid composition in the rabbit carcasses' inner fat was measured in line with the DTSU ISO 5508-2001, the chromatographic analysis of fatty acids was carried out using gas chromatograph TraceUitra equipped with flame ionization detector and capillary column SP-2560, Supelco.Limit of detection -0.01%.The mineral substance content in the rabbit meat was determined according to DSTU ISO 11885:2005.The iodine content was determined according to DSTU 4816:2007.

Results
For the purpose of determining quality of the rabbits slaughtering products, subject to use of Iodis-Concentrate preparation added to potable water, the contents of indispensable and dispensable amino acids were determined.The following amino acids were found among the indispensable amino acids in the rabbit muscles both in the study and control groups: threonine, valіne, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, tryptophan, phenylalanyl and methionine.

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Analyzing the results of studying the indispensable amino acids contents in the rabbit muscles in the study group, it was found out that in terms of the amino acids composition the muscles in the control and the study group contain practically the same number of indispensable amino acids with slight prevalence in the study group.The aggregate contents of indispensable amino acids were slightly different.This value was 0.2 mg/100g higher than in the control group.The following amino acids were found among the dispensable amino acids in the rabbit muscles both in the study and control groups: aspartic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, glutanic acid, thyrosinum, proline, histidine, cystine, and arginine.The contents of certain dispensable amino acids and the aggregate contents was slightly higher in the study group.
In general, the sum of dispensable and indispensable amino acids was 0.42 mg/100g higher than in the study group, as compared to the control group.No abnormal ratio of indispensable and dispensable amino acids was recorded.No statistical difference was found in the foregoing values.Moreover, the amino acid index and SCORE of the proteins were measured according to the comparative scale of the Food and Agricultural Organization / World Heath Organization (Table 2).Calculation of the amino acid index indicated that as compared to the scale of the Food and Agricultural Organization / World Heath Organization there was a recordable difference in the values.The rabbits of the study groups showed rather reduced index of valіne, threonine and sulphur-containing amino acids (methionine + cystine) as regards the scale of the Food and Agricultural Organization / World Heath Organization.The index of isoleucine, leucine, lysine and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanyl + thyrosinum) is changed (increased).No differences have been unveiled between the study and control group.
Analyzing the results of calculating the amino acid SCORE we may assert that the rabbit meat contains no limiting amino acids.
It is indication of rabbit meat proteins' full-featured nature.
The studies indicate that the biological value of the rabbit meat is retained, subject to watering with Iodis-Concentrate preparation.The results of the studies converting fatty acids content measurement in the rabbit meat showed that meat contains less saturated fatty acids as compared to the control group.Particularly, the contents of arachic acid, stearine acid, henicosanoic acid and palmitic acid decreased, and the contents of myristic fatty acid increased.However, in general the contents thereof were 2,98 % less as compared to the meat of control animals.Among the mono-non-saturated acids, the contents of Cys-10 heptadecenoic acid and oleine acid slightly increased, and the contents of Myristoleic acid decreased.In general, the content of mono-non-saturated fatty acids was 0.4 % higher in the rabbit meat of the study group, as compared to the control group.Among the poly-non-saturated fatty acids, the contents of linolic acid increased in the test.The sum of poly-non-saturated fatty acids was 2.43% higher in the rabbit meat of the study group, as compared to the control group (Table 3).

Use of iodine preparation
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8(1), 2018 The increase in the ratios covering the sums of non-saturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and poly-non-saturated to saturated acids, indicates increase of the non-saturated fatty acids content in the meat of rabbits watered with potable water with Iodis-Concentrate preparation added.Thus, the meat becomes more dietary and useful.Since its is known that the polynon-saturated fatty acids, including the linolic acid, are not generated in the human organism, therefore being irreplaceable for nutrition.These acids form a part of the biomembranes, taking part in the plastic processes (generation of the organism's own fats), supporting the functions of the cells membranes, facilitating cholesterine transformation into cholalic acid and discharge thereof from the organism, normalizing condition of the blood vessels' walls, improving elasticity and reducing permeability thereof, etc.Thus, the completed studies of fatty acids content in the rabbit muscle tissue showed that watering with Iodis-Concentrate preparation, influences the rabbits' organisms as a moderate stimulator of lipid metabolism.
The study results show that use of Iodis-Concentrate has a positive effect on the metabolic processes and functions of the hematopoietic and other organs, as well as no disorders of mineral metabolism.
The completed studies of biologically active iodine influence on growth and development of rabbits indicated the most intensive growth in the rabbits treated with potable water containing Iodis-Concentrate.The above rabbits showed improved condition of the skin, nails and fur.The meat of rabbits treated with iodine beneficiated water contained twice as much iodine − 40.0±6.0(р ≤ 0.05) as the rabbits of the control group (20.0±3.0),watered with ordinary water.
The study results indicate that the meat of rabbits treated with water containing Iodis-Concentrate shows higher contents of iodine, thus having treatment and prevention properties in the case of iodine deficiency and thyroid gland pathology.

Table 1 .
The amino acid composition of the rabbit muscular tissue, subject to watering with Iodis-Concentrate preparation in the dosage of mg/100 g of meat, М±m; n=5

Table 2 .
Amino acid index and SCORE of the indispensable amino acids in the rabbit muscles subject to use of Iodis-Concentrate preparation *About "ideal" protein under the Scale of the Food and Agricultural Organization / World HeathOrganization, 1974

Table 3 .
The fatty acids content in the rabbit meat, subject to watering with Iodis-Concentrate preparation, %, М±m; n=5