WHAT IS LYCLENE DASARA ( MOORE , 1859 ) ( LEPIDOPTERA , EREBIDAE , ARCTIINAE ) ?

The paper contains data on the taxonomy of the 'Lyclene dasara (Moore, [1860])' complex. L. dasara is known certainly from islands Java and Bali. The continental populations previously treated as 'L. dasara' belong to two different species, L. chromatica (Swinhoe, 1891) stat. nov. known from South India and L. undulata (Swinhoe, 1903) stat. & comb. nov. known from Himalaya, China and Indochina (including the Malay Peninsula). All three species are very close externally, but differ in both male and female genitalia. The name Lyclene corrigera Volynkin & Bucsek, nom. nov. is introduced as replacement for Lyclene undulata Bucsek, 2012, nec. Swinhoe, 1903.


INTRODUCTION
Lyclene Moore, [1860] is one of largest genera in the Lithosiini tribe (family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae).It includes more than 130 described species and widely distributed in Oriental and Palaearctic Regions.Long time species of the genus were treated as members of the genera Asura Walker, 1854 and Miltochrista Hübner, [1819].Nielsen & al. (1996) used the name Lyclene for a number of Australian species, but Holloway (2001) gave a diagnosis of the genus, supported belonging of Australian species to the genus Cyme Felder, 1861 and not Lyclene, placed many former 'Miltochrista' and 'Asura' species to Lyclene and described many new species.Later, many new species of the genus were described and many new combinations were introduced by different authors (Černý & Pinratana, 2009;Kirti & Gill, 2009;Bucsek, 2012;2014;Dubatolov & Bucsek, 2013;2014;Wu et al. 2013;Černý, 2016;Volynkin, 2016).
During studies of Lithosiini materials deposited in the Natural History Museum (London), materials on 'Lyclene dasara' including the types of dasara, chromatica and undulata were examined.Populations from South India (described as chromatica) have one cornutus in aedeagus vesica in the male genitalia, long and stongly sclerotized antevaginal plate and no triangular ventral lobe of corpus bursae in the female genitalia, and belongs clearly to a different species than all other populations having two cornuti in aedeagus vesica in male genitalia, and weakly sclerotized antevaginal plate and a triangular ventral lobe of corpus bursae in female genitalia.The other continental populations (described as undulata) are very close to those from Java and Bali (described as dasara), but differ in the cornuti shape in aedeagus vesica in male genitalia, and structure of female genitalia, so undulata and dasara should be treated as distinct species also, and not synonyms.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The paper is based on the materials of the collection of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History, NHM, London, Great Britain) and the private collections of Karol Bucsek (CKB, Bratislava, Slovak Republic) and Anton Volynkin (CAV, Barnaul, Russia).The genitalia were dissected and mounted in euparal on glass sides.Photos of imago where taken using the camera Nikon D3100/AF-S Nikkor, 18-55 mm.Photos of the genitalia where taken by same camera attached to a microscope with an LMscope adapter, and further processed by Adobe Photoshop CS4® software.(Moore, [1860])   (Figs 1-4, 19, 23 Type material examined: Type (Fig. 1), male, whitish handwritten label "Java (Horsfield)" / whitish printed round label with a red round "Type" / whitish handwritten label "Dasara Moore" / whitish printed label "60-15 E.I.C." / white printed label with QR-code "NHMUK010598169" (Coll.NHM).

Lyclene dasara
Other material examined: 1 male, Java Oriental, Mont Ardjoëno, 1200-11500 m, W. Doherty, V.1891 (Coll.NHM); 1 male, Java Occid., Pengalangan, 4000', 1893, H. Fruhstorfer (Coll.NHM); 2 males, West Java (Coll.NHM); 1 male, Nongkodjadjar, E Java, 4000 ', VI.1934 Diagnosis.In the all three species, L. dasara, L. undulata and L. chromatica the sexual dimorphism is well expressed: boths sexes have yellow ground color, but in males the forewing pattern consists of a basal black dot, a stroke-like dark brown discal spot and a dark brown, zigzag broad shade, whereas in females the forewing pattern is reduced.In L. dasara, the forewing pattern of females consists of a basal black dot and a dot-like black discal spot only (Figs 3,4), and females of L. dasara have no significant external differences from those of Lyclene calamaria (Moore, 1888) (Figs 15,16) belonging to another species-group.The correct determination of females of both species is possible by the study of the genitalia only (Figs 17,18).The male genitalia of L. dasara (Fig. 19) are very close to those of L. undulata (Figs 20,21), and differ by the symmetrical cornuti, whereas in L. undulata one cornutus is more robust than in L. dasara, and the second one is same as in L. dasara or noriceably narrower.The female genitalia of these two species have much more significant differences: in L. dasara (Fig. 23) the dorsal triangular lobe-like diverticulum of corpus bursae is very large, strongly sclerotized and situated medially, whereas in L. undulata (Fig. 24) it is much smaller, weakly sclerotized and situated much posteriorly; in addition, in L. dasara the two rows of spinules inside the corpus bursae are significantly longer and consist of larger spinules.Differences between L. dasara and L. chromatica are given in the diagnosis of the latter.
Note.The records for Sumatra (Hampson, 1900;van Eecke, 1926;Černý & Pinratana, 2009) can belong to both L. dasara and L. undulata.Unfortunately, we had no available material for examination, so the species belonging of Sumatran populations still needs revision.